Impacto da Cirurgia Bariátrica na Imagem Corporal e Saúde Mental
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51338/rppsm.2019.v5.i4.90Palavras-chave:
Cirurgia Bariátrica/psicologia, Imagem Corporal, Obesidade/psicologia, Perturbações Psiquiátricas, Saúde MentalResumo
Introdução: A imagem corporal (IC), na sequência do recurso a cirurgia bariátrica (CB) e da experiência rápida e massiva de perda de peso inerente, poderá sofrer alterações como satisfação, insatisfação ou distorção. Esta monografia pretende explorar a concepção da IC do doente obeso e a sua experiência perante o próprio corpo após recurso a CB, bem como o reflexo desta intervenção ao nível da saúde mental. Aditivamente, este estudo esclarece ainda a potencial dissociação entre o tempo de adaptação físico-metabólica e de adaptação psicológica, o recurso a técnicas de correção estética após CB, bem como as motivações na base da opção por estratégias cirúrgicas.
Metodologia: A aquisição da informação bibliográfica foi conduzida através de uma pesquisa realizada nas plataformas PubMed e SCOPUS, partindo da seguinte combinação de termos: body image e bariatric surgery. Estudos obtidos nos últimos 5 anos foram analisados, correspondendo a investigações conduzidas ou tendo por base a população obesa.
Resultados: A maioria dos estudos corrobora o efeito benéfico da CB ao nível da concepção da IC, contudo, a existência de resultados insatisfatórios, melhorias limitadas no tempo ou de repercussões negativas no domínio da saúde mental têm também vindo a ser reportadas. A transformação psicológica implícita pode, inclusive, tomar um ritmo de desenvolvimento discrepante da rápida e simultânea transformação físico-metabólica. A evidência do benefício de recurso a cirurgia estética corretora, como lifting corporal (LC), tem-se apresentado cada vez mais consistente, associado a melhorias psicossociais generalizadas. No entanto, as motivações que servem de base ao recurso a CB e LC subsequente permanecem pouco esclarecidas
Conclusões: As mudanças causadas pela CB poderão expor o doente a tensões nunca antes por si experienciadas ou projectadas antes da cirurgia; assim, o seguimento a longo prazo do doente pós-bariátrico por psicologia e/ou psiquiatria assume-se uma etapa de avaliação imprescindível.
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