Síndromes Psiquiátricos Ligados à Cultura e Conceitos Culturais de Sofrimento em Psiquiatria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51338/rppsm.2020.v6.i3.139Palavras-chave:
Angústia Psicológica, Cultura, Distúrbios de Ansiedade, Etnopsicologia, Perturbações Mentais, Stress PsicológicoResumo
Síndromes psiquiátricos ligados à cultura (SLC) e conceitos culturais de sofrimento incluem síndromes ou manifestações de doença cuja ocorrência se relaciona com contextos culturais particulares. O termo SLC é controverso porque todas as perturbações psiquiátricas ou condições médicas em geral estão por definição associadas ao contexto cultural. Constituem diferentes pontos de vista relativamente à saúde mental baseados em diferentes modelos explicativos da vivência de sofrimento mental. Estes idiomas de sofrimento têm vindo a ter um crescente interesse nos países ocidentais, quer pelo aumento do número de casos reportados, quer pela influência que a psiquiatria transcultural tem vindo a conquistar. Este artigo de revisão pretende descrever a apresentação clínica, aspetos epidemiológicos e características particulares dos SLC mais frequentemente descritos bem como refletir sobre a influência de aspetos culturais nas perturbações psiquiátricas. Em sociedades modernas multiétnicas e multiculturais a discussão sobre estes conceitos permanece, procurando integrar os SLC nos sistemas de classificação atuais ou estabelecer critérios que melhor os definam como potenciais entidades nosológicas próprias.
Downloads
Referências
Prince RH, Okpaku SO, Merkel L. Transcultural Psychiatry: A Note on Origins and Definitions. In: Okpaku SO, editor. Clinical Methods in Transcultural Psychiatry. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press. 1998: p3.
Vikash R, Chaudhury S, Sukumaran S, Singh AR, Giri DK, Srivastava K et al. Transcultural Psychiatry. Ind Psychiatry J. 2008;17(1):4-20.
Prince RH. Transcultural psychiatry: personal experiences and Canadian perspectives. Can J Psychiatry. 2000;45(5):431-7. doi: 10.1177/070674370004500502
Prince RH. Pioneers in Transcultural Psychiatry: Sir Burton Garth Burton-Bradley (1914-1994). Transcult Psychiatry. 1994;31(4): 429-35. doi: 10.1177/136346159403100413
Prince RH. Pioneers of Transcultural Psychiatry: John Cawte. Transcult Psychiatry. 1999;36(3): 347-357. doi: 10.1177/136346159903600301
Tseng WS. From Peculiar Psychiatric Disorders through Culture-bound Syndromes to Culture-related Specific Syndromes. Transcult Psychiatry 2006; 43 (4):554-76. doi: 10.1177/1363461506070781
Yap PM, Lau MP, Stokes AB. Comparative Psychiatry: A Theoretical Framework. Toronto, Ontario: University of Toronto Press; 1974: p.74
Bhugra D, Sumathipala A, Siribaddana S. Culture-bound syndromes: a re-evaluation. In: Bhugra D, Shui K, editors. Textbook of Cultural Psychiatry. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2007: p.141
Kirmayer LJ. Cultural psychiatry in historical perspective. In: Bhugra D, Shui K, editors. Textbook of Cultural Psychiatry. New York: Cambridge University Press. 2007: p.3
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed., Text Revision. Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing. 2000.
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing. 2013.
Paniagua FA. ICD-10 Versus DSM-5 on Cultural Issues. SAGE Open. 2018;8(1). doi: 10.1177/2158244018756165
Saint Martin ML. Running Amok. A Modern Perspective on a Culture-Bound Syndrome. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 1999;1(3):66-70. doi: 10.4088/pcc.v01n0302
Tseng WS. Culture-related specific psychiatric syndromes. In: Gelder MJ, Andreasen NC, López-Ibor Jr. JJ, Geddes JR, editors. New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry. New York: Oxford University Press; 2009, p.979-985
Yap PM. Mental diseases peculiar to certain cultures: a survey of comparative psychiatry. J Ment Sci. 1951;97(407):313-27. doi: 10.1192/bjp.97.407.313
Imai H, Ogawa Y, Okumiya K, Matsubayashi K. Amok: a mirror of time and people. A historical review of literature. Hist Psychiatry. 2019;30(1):38-57. doi: 10.1177/0957154X18803499
Guarnaccia PJ, Rivera M, Franco F, Neighbors C. The experiences of ataques de nervios: towards an anthropology of emotions in Puerto Rico. Cult Med Psychiatry. 1996;20(3):343-67. doi: 10.1007/BF00113824
Guarnaccia PJ, Canino G, Rubio-Stipec M, Bravo M. The prevalence of ataques de nervios in the Puerto Rico disaster study. The role of culture in psychiatric epidemiology. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1993;181(3):157-65. doi: 10.1097/00005053-199303000-00003
Lizardi D, Oquendo MA, Graver R. Clinical pitfalls in the diagnosis of ataque de nervios: a case study. Transcult Psychiatry. 2009;46(3):463-86. doi: 10.1177/1363461509343090
Keough ME, Timpano KR, Schmidt NB. Ataques de nervios: culturally bound and distinct from panic attacks? Depress Anxiety. 2009;26(1):16-21. doi: 10.1002/da.20498
Escobar JI. Transcultural aspects of dissociative and somatoform disorders. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 1995;18(3):555-69
Prince R. The "brain fag" syndrome in Nigerian students. J Ment Sci. 1960;106:559-70. doi: 10.1192/bjp.106.443.559
Ola BA, Morakinyo O, Adequya AO. Brain Fag Syndrome - a myth or a reality. Afr J Psychiatry (Johannesbg). 2009;12(2):135-43. doi: 10.4314/ajpsy.v12i2.43731
Morakinyo O, Peltzer K. 'Brain fag' symptoms in apprentices in Nigeria. Psychopathology. 2002;35(6):362-6. doi: 10.1159/000068594
Ayonrinde OA, Obuaya C, Adeyemi SO. Brain fag syndrome: a cultural-bound syndrome that may be approaching extinction. BJPsych Bull. 2015; 39(4):156-61. doi: 10.1192/pb.bp.114.049049
Morakinyo O. The brain-fag syndrome in Nigeria: cognitive deficits in an illness associated with study. Br J Psychiatry. 1985;146:209-10. doi: 10.1192/bjp.146.2.209
Shumathipala A, Siribaddana SH, Bhugra D. Culture-bound syndromes: the story of dhat syndrome. Br J Psychiatry. 2004;184:200-9. doi: 10.1192/bjp.184.3.200
Mehta V, Abishek D , Balachandran C. Dhat syndrome: a reappraisal. Indian J Dermatol. 2009;54(1):89-90. doi: 10.4103/0019-5154.49002
Udina M, Foulon H, Valdés M, Bhattacharyya S, Martín-Santos R. Dhat syndrome: a systematic review. Psychosomatics. 2013; 54(3):212-218. doi:10.1016/j.psym.2012.09.003
Bhatia MS, Malik SC. Dhat syndrome: a useful diagnostic entity in Indian culture. Br J Psychiatry. 1991;159:691-5. doi:10.1192/bjp.159.5.691
Prakash S, Sharan P, Sood M. A qualitative study on psychopathology of dhat syndrome in men: implications for classification of disorders. Asian J Psychiatr. 2018; 35:79-88. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2018.05.007
Culture et and Mental Health in Haiti: A Literature Review. Geneva: WHO/PAHO. 2010.
Hofman SG, Hinton DE. Cross-cultural aspects of anxiety disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2014. 16(6):450. doi: 10.1007/s11920-014-0450-3
Hinton DE, Otto MW. Symptom Presentation and Symptom Meaning Among Traumatized Cambodian Refugees: Relevance to a Somatically Focused Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. Cogn Behav Pract. 2006; 13(4):249-260. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2006.04.006
Sachdev PS. Koro epidemic in north-east India. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 1985;19(4):433-8. doi: 10.1080/00048678509158852
Earleywne M. Cannabis-induced Koro in Americans. Addiction. 2001;96(11):1663-6. doi: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.9611166312.x
Crozier I. Making up koro: multiplicity, psychiatry, culture, and penis-shrinking anxieties. J Hist Med Allied Sci. 2012;67(1):36-70. doi: 10.1093/jhmas/jrr008
Mattelaer JJ, Jilek W. Koro--the psychological disappearance of the penis. J Sex Med. 2007;4(5):1509-15. doi: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2007.00586.x
Berrios GE, Morley SJ. Koro-like symptom in a non-Chinese subject. Br J Psychiatry. 1984;145:331-4. doi: 10.1192/bjp.145.3.331
Stip E, Bergeron T, Lavigueur C, Fabian JL, Ait Bentaleb L. Le syndrome de Koro. Annales medico-psychologiques. 2007;165(3): 147-153. doi:10.1016/j.amp.2005.04.015
Kaiser BN, Haroz EE, Kohrt BA, Bolton PA, Bass JK, Hinton DE. “Thinking too much”: A Systematic review of a common idiom of distress. Soc Sci Med. 2015; 147: 170–83. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.10.044
Min SK, Suh SY. The anger syndrome hwa-byung and its comorbidity. J Affect Disord. 2010;124(1-2):211-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2009.10.011
Min SK. Clinical correlates of hwa-byung and a proposal for a new anger disorder. Psychiatry Investig. 2008;5(3):125-41. doi: 10.4306/pi.2008.5.3.125
Lin KM, Lau JK, Yamamoto J, Zheng YP, Kim HS, Cho KH et al. Hwa-byung. A community study of Korean Americans. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1992;180(6):386-91.
Min SWK. Hwabyung: a culture-related chronic anger syndrome of Korea. The First World Congress of Cultural Psychiatry Proceeding. 2006; S-III-23
Gimlette JD. Remarks on the Etiology, Symptoms, and Treatment of Latah, with a Report of Two Cases. Br Med J. 1897;2(1912):455-7. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.1912.455-a
Bartholomew RE. Disease, disorder, or deception? Latah as habit in a Malay extended family. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1994;182(6):331-8; discussion 339-41. doi: 10.1097/00005053-199406000-00004
Landy D. Pibloktoq (hysteria) and Inuit nutrition: possible implication of hypervitaminosis A. Soc Sci Med. 1985;21(2):173-85. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(85)90087-5
Lee S. Diagnosis postponed: shenjing shuairuo and the transformation of psychiatry in post-mao China. Cult Med Psychiatry. 1999;23(3):349-80. doi: 10.1023/a:1005586301895
Weller SC, Baer RD, de Alba Garcia JG, Glazer M, Trotter R, Patcher L et al. Regional variation in Latino descriptions of susto. Cult Med Psychiatry. 2002;26(4):449-72. doi: 10.1023/a:1021743405946.
Durà-Vilà G, Hodes M. Cross-cultural study of idioms of distress among Spanish nationals and Hispanic American migrants: susto, nervios and ataque de nervios. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2012;47(10):1627-37. doi: 10.1007/s00127-011-0468-3
Maeda F, Nathan JH. Understanding taijin kyofusho through its treatment, Morita therapy. J Psychosom Res. 1999;46(6):525-30. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3999(98)00113-5
Suzuki K, Takei N, Kawai M, Minabe Y, Mori N. Is taijin kyofusho a culture-bound syndrome? Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160(7):1358. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.160.7.1358
Iwata Y, Suzuki K, Takei N, Toulopoulou T, Tsuchiya KJ, Matsumoto K et al. Jiko-shisen-kyofu (fear of one's own glance), but not taijin-kyofusho (fear of interpersonal relations), is an east Asian culture-related specific syndrome. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2011;45(2):148-52. doi: 10.3109/00048674.2010.534068
Balhara YO. Culture-bound Syndrome: Has it Found its Right Niche? Indian J Psychol Med. 2011;33(2):210-5. doi: 10.4103/0253-7176.92055
Flaskerud JD. What do we need to know about the culture-bound syndromes? Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2009;30(6):406-7. doi: 10.1080/01612840902812947
Mateus MDML. Culture-bound syndromes. Psychiatry online Brazil. Vol.3; 12. [Internet]. 1998 [Cited 2020 Jun]. Available from: http://www.polbr.med.br/ano98/sinboun.php
Spiro ME. Cultural Determinism, Cultural Relativism and the Comparative Study of Psychopathology. Ethos. 2001;29(2):218-234. doi:10.1525/eth.2001.29.2.218
Sam DL. Acculturation: conceptual background and core components. In: Sam DL, Berry JW, editors. The Cambridge Handbook of Acculturation Psychology. Cambridge University Press. 2006, p.11.
Tseng WS, editor. Handbook of cultural psychiatry. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 2001.
Blease C. Scientific progress and the prospects for culture-bound syndromes. Stud Hist Philos Biol Biomed Sci. 2010;41(4):333-9. doi: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2010.10.013
Sushrut J. Dhat syndrome: a re-evaluation. Psychiatry. 2004;3(8):14-16.
Low SM. Culturally interpreted symptoms or culture-bound syndromes: a cross-cultural review of nerves. Soc Sci Med. 1985;21(2):187-96. doi:10.1383/psyt.3.8.14.43399
Murphy, HBM. History and the Evolution of Syndromes; The Striking Case of Latah and Amok. In: Hammer M, Salzinger K, Sutton S, editors. Psychopathology. Contributions from the Social, Behavioral, and Biological Sciences. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1973.
Tan EK, Carr JE. Psychiatric sequelae of Amok. Cult Med Psychiatry. 1977;1(1):59-67. doi: 10.1007/BF00114810
