Advance Care Planning for People with Schizophrenia and an End‑of‑Life Situation: A Qualitative Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51338/rppsm.2020.v6.i2.140Keywords:
Advance Care Planning, Palliative Care, Schizophrenia, Terminal CareAbstract
Introdução: As pessoas com esquizofrenia têm um risco acrescido de mortalidade ao mesmo tempo que recebem menos cuidados paliativos, dos quais o planeamento antecipado de cuidados éum componente essencial. O objetivo desta revisão éreunir as provas disponíveis relativamente ao planeamento antecipado de cuidados em contexto paliativo em pessoas com esquizofrenia, os seus obstáculos e as boas práticas a serem seguidas.
Método: Revisão sistemática da literatura qualitativa ao longo dos últimos 20 anos relativamente à utilização de planeamento antecipado de cuidados em cuidados paliativos ou de fim de vida em pessoas com esquizofrenia.
Resultados: Sete artigos foram incluídos na revisão. Por análise temática foram identificados cinco temas, nomeadamente, a capacidade de decisão em doenças mentais graves, as particularidades do planeamento antecipado de cuidados na pessoa com esquizofrenia, as características da esquizofrenia que afetam o planeamento antecipado dos cuidados, comunicação e formação, e a multidisciplinaridade e continuidade de cuidados.
Conclusão: É urgentemente necessária mais investigação nesta área. Os pacientes enfrentam obstáculos relacionados com a sua doença mental, desconforto e dúvida por parte dos profissionais de saúde e falta de figuras de apoio. Uma abordagem multidisciplinar e colaborativa, a formação e o reconhecimento da capacidade inerente dos pacientes para fazerem escolhas e terem discussões eficazes sobre o seu estado de saúde, facilita o processo de planeamento antecipado de cuidados.
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