Second Mind: Considerações Ético‐Legais sobre a Digitalização em Saúde Mental no Contexto Português
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51338/rppsm.332Palavras-chave:
Big Data, Internet das Coisas, Psiquiatria, Saúde Mental/ética, Saúde mental/legislação e jurisprudência, Serviços de Saúde Mental, TelemedicinaResumo
Com o surgimento da eHealth e mHealth, o uso de tecnologias de informação e dispositivos móveis é hoje parte da realidade clínica e das suas perspetivas de futuro. Neste âmbito, dadas as suas características próprias, a sua utilização em saúde mental tem sido enfocada como especialmente oportuna para o avanço na luta contra desigualdades no acesso a cuidados de saúde de qualidade. Contudo, esta área afigura‐se também particularmente sensível e a sua transição di‐ gital merece uma análise atenta do ponto de vista ético‐legal. Este artigo pretende rever algumas tecnologias aplicadas atualmente na psiquiatria e as suas implicações éticas e legais, nomeadamente: 1) questões de acesso e eficácia destas tecnologias; 2) inteligência artificial em psiquiatria e suas implicações clínicas, legais e éticas; 3) sistemas de vigilância com geolocalização e comprimidos digitais; 4) fenotipagem digital e uso de big data em saúde mental. Concluiremos que, apesar de aportar benefícios evidentes na área da saúde mental, a implementação destas tecnologias não é inócua. O seu desenvolvimento requer tanto um reforço legal da proteção do doente, como um ampliar do debate ético numa perspetiva antecipatória, ao mesmo tempo que deve acompanhar a velocidade da sua implementação.
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